RFA FAQ:

What is radiofrequency ablation?

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) uses heat generated by radio waves to disable the small nerves (medial branches) that carry pain signals from a confirmed source, such as the facet joints. By interrupting the nerve's ability to conduct pain signals, RFA offers longer-lasting relief than a diagnostic block alone. It's a non-surgical, outpatient procedure done under X-ray guidance.

Why would I need this procedure?

RFA is typically recommended after two medial branch blocks have confirmed a specific nerve as the source of your pain. Rather than repeating temporary diagnostic blocks, RFA treats the confirmed nerve directly for longer-lasting relief.

What is the difference between RFA and cryoneurolysis?

RFA uses heat to disable the nerve's ability to conduct pain signals. Cryoneurolysis is a similar procedure that uses cold instead of heat to achieve the same effect. Both are considered thermal therapies, and both work by damaging the nerve's ability to conduct pain signals. Depending on your specific condition, your doctor may recommend one approach over the other and will discuss which option is right for you.

What medication is used?

A local anesthetic is used to numb the skin and surrounding tissue before the treatment probe is placed.

How long does relief last?

Many patients experience relief for 6-18 months or longer. Because the treated nerve can gradually regenerate over time, pain may eventually return, and repeat treatment can be considered if needed.

What are the benefits?

- Longer-lasting relief than diagnostic blocks

- May reduce reliance on oral pain medication

- Can improve function and participation in physical therapy

- May help you avoid or delay surgery

What are the risks?

Common and temporary: soreness at the treatment site, temporary numbness, or a period of increased burning or aching pain (neuritis) lasting several days to a few weeks as the nerve responds to treatment.

Rare but serious: infection, bleeding, allergic reaction, nerve injury, or heat injury to nearby structures. These risks are minimized through X-ray guidance and nerve stimulation testing before treatment.

What are my alternatives?

Cryoneurolysis, regenerative procedures such as PRP, neuromodulation, continued oral medication, physical therapy, or declining treatment. Your doctor will discuss which of these options may be appropriate for you.

When should I call the office immediately?

Call right away if you experience fever, signs of infection at the treatment site, severe or worsening pain, or new weakness or numbness.

Where can I learn more?

Visit our Services page for more on what to expect and how we tailor treatment to you: https://www.osso.health/services

Safety guidance adapted from the International Pain and Spine Intervention Society (IPSIS), 2025.